Music Therapy Session

Strategies for coping with stress seem to follow two themes: first, direct attempts to change environmental demands or the capacity of the self; and second, regulating emotions associated with stress, managing tension, and facilitating relaxation. In practice, the emotional and behavioral elements are combined to form an integrated coping methodology.

Sound is transmitted by particles (atoms or molecules) in a solid, liquid or gas colliding with each other. It is a wave which is created by vibrating objects and propagated through a medium (solid, liquid or gas) from one location to another. A vibrating source can be sound coming from a drum, speaker of a radio, the mouth of a person (vocal chord), a car engine, a plane above the sky and so on. Although sound is commonly associated in air, sound will readily travel through many materials that are solid, liquid and gas.

 Solids are made up of particles (atoms) that do not move about because they are closely packed (touching each other) and held together by strong intermolecular forces. Therefore, they are always in a fixed position and can only vibrate in a fixed position, sending sound waves along its path very fast. This is similar to a domino effect. This means that sound waves (produce from a vibrating source) is immediately transmitted by the vibrating particle in a fixed position by hitting the neighbouring atom sending on the sound wave from one atom to the other throughout the solid object. In liquid, the particles are constantly moving and so the particles change their position, but they are not fixed to each other that strongly as they are in a solid. They can also vibrate and collide with other of their particles over a short range; sending sound waves through it. This is because the attractive forces among the particles of a liquid are sufficiently strong enough to hold them together but are not strong enough to hold them in a fixed position. As such, sound will travel slightly less fast through liquids. In gas, particles in gases are very far apart from each other. They can vibrate as well as move freely and randomly in all direction. This is due to the fact that the forces of attraction between the particles are negligible. This means therefore, that there is no force of attraction between gas particles. Gas molecules must move quite a distance before they collide with other molecules. Sound energy cannot move as quickly when the molecules are not in contact with each other. Thus, since gas particles are very far apart, sound waves traveling through this medium, will be much slower than that of a liquid and a solid respectively. Because of gas particles being everywhere on Earth, we can hear sound from all directions.

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